Accounting Research Papers

Accounting is one of the disciplines done by students of education levels such as high schools, colleges and universities. An accounting research paper has a similar structure to research papers of other disciplines. There are several steps that have to be followed when writing accounting research papers and other accounting papers and some of these steps will be shown in this article. First of all, it is important to select and think of the accounting research paper topic. Topic ideas for accounting papers can be obtained from several sources of information such as books, magazines, journals and even through listening to news and reading newspapers.

Accounting is a very broad field that has several branches for instance financial accounting, management accounting and business accounting.  All these branches are essential and may require writing accounting papers as part of the assignments given by teachers and instructors. After selecting a suitable topic for writing accounting papers, one should research or look for enough information to be contained in accounting papers such as an accounting research papers. Information can be obtained from books, journals articles and even the web. Note taking is advisable so that one can note down the relevant point to include in an accounting paper such as an accounting research paper. Note taking is followed by the actual writing of accounting papers using the instructed writing style for instance Harvard, APA or MLA writing styles. It is also essential to follow the right structure and format for instance starting with the introduction followed by the body and finally the conclusion. Most students are faced with challenges and difficulties when writing accounting papers such as an accounting research papers and often do not have any idea of where they can get writing help. The best solution is for these students to choose the most reliable and appropriate company to rely on for custom writing assistance and for custom accounting papers.  A reliable company provides custom accounting papers online at a fee that is very much affordable and that is sure of saving a client’s money and time. The other important fact about a dependable company is that it provides superior quality custom accounting papers that can enable clients to excel academically. A reliable company should hire experienced writers who have the skills and expertise to write accounting papers according to instructions given by customers. All accounting papers at a reliable company should also be plagiarism free and hence thoroughly scanned through anti-plagiarism software.

Our custom writing company is the best company that can fulfill the needs of clients who need custom accounting papers such as custom accounting research papers. Our company has skilled writers with degrees in accounting and hence with the ability to write quality accounting papers. The other important aspect about our company is that it has plagiarism detection software as one of its key assets. This implies that customers are assured of 100% plagiarism free accounting papers such as accounting research papers. Moreover, these papers are premium quality and assure customers complete satisfaction and academic success. I therefore, advise all students taking courses in accounting to choose our custom writing company when in need of custom accounting papers such as accounting essays, term papers, reports and accounting research papers.

Think Outside The Accounting Firm, Says Softchoice’s Senior Financial Operations Manager


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Vince Iozzo, Softchoice’s Senior Financial Operations Manager, says he was able to experience many different facets of business involving accounting by thinking outside the accounting firm and starting his career with an IT solutions and services company.

Click here to watch TalentEgg’s video interview with Vince.

For more information about starting your career in Accounting, visit TalentEgg’s Focus on Accounting.

Accounting writers

It is a well known fact that accounting papers are among the most demanding of all assignments. To get superior grades in accounting, there are several factors that should never be under-looked. First, a proper understanding of the subject or topic at hand is critical and secondly, an accounting paper must be approached from an analytical point of view be it a cost accounting paper, a management accounting paper, a financial accounting paper etc. However, because of one reason or the other, many students find themselves lacking in one way or he other and that is where they seek the services of accounting writers. An accounting writer is a qualified accountant (CPA in the United States of America) who has completed all the prerequisite causes in accounting and is at a given time completing accounting papers for thousands of clients globally. However, it is not enough to have the full accounting qualification i.e. CPA in the United States of America to be called an accounting writer. Some accounting writing companies go ahead to insist that all those who work for them as accounting writers have additional qualifications in accounting. These qualifications include a bachelor in accounting or any other relevant graduate or post graduate qualification. For the last two decades, our accounting writers company has been hiring and retaining only the best accounting writers in the accounting writing industry. We recognize the unique challenges students go through in their quest to complete accounting papers in time and that is the sole reason why we have gone a step further to revolutionalized our hiring procedures so as to net the best accounting writers in the industry. Our hiring decisions are informed by two things. One, we insist that all our accounting writers have a prerequisite undergraduate degree in commerce or accounting accompanied by a professional course in accounting such as the CPA (USA). However, we also welcome those who have post graduate qualifications as a deliberate step to ensure that all our accounting paper clients who for one reason or the other may require accounting essays, accounting thesis, accounting assignments, accounting research papers, accounting case studies, accounting course works, accounting term papers, etc get the best services possible. We believe that the only way to ensure that your accounting paper in any field including but not limited to accounting essays, accounting thesis, accounting assignments, accounting research papers, accounting case studies, accounting course works, accounting term papers, etc is original and done whilst observing all the accounting principles and regulations is by attracting the best accounting writers in the industry. You can hence be certain that no matter your accounting undertaking in school, we have the best team of accounting writers top ensure that you get only the best grade. With our accounting writers service therefore, there is no reason whatsoever to get low grades in accounting. It is also important to note that whilst our dedicated team of accounting writers ensures that your paper is 100% original; our writing service ensures that what you are charged is reasonable. We remain dedicated as well as committed to availing only the best accounting papers in any area including but not limited to accounting essays, accounting thesis, accounting assignments, accounting research papers, accounting case studies, accounting course works, accounting term papers, etc.

Green Accounting: Environmental Accounting?

 

As we all know, businesses are formed to deliver services or produce products in order to earn a profit. In the 21st century accounting goes beyond the bottom line of black or red – – it includes “green”, too. With the growing green consumer awareness, companies are more than ever expected to align its business strategies with environmental initiatives. Environmentally conscious companies have already discovered that they can generate business strategies to help them reduce their carbon footprint, minimize their environmental impact, make the best use of natural resources, become more energy efficient, reduce costs, and exhibit social responsibility – all at the same time.

Companies who are ready to become an integral part of President Obama’s Green Economy through governmental initiatives will need to expand their accounting staff by hiring accountants who specialize in “green” or environmental accounting.

Green Accounting Definition

 

The term, green accounting, has been around since the 1980s, and is known as a management tool used for a variety of purposes, such as improving environmental performance, controlling costs, investing in “cleaner” technologies, developing “greener” processes and products, and forming decisions related to their business activities.

Green Management Accounting

 

According to the EPA, green or environmental management accounting is “the identification, prioritization, quantification or qualification, and incorporation of environmental costs into business decisions.” Green Management Accounting uses “data about environmental costs and performance for business decisions. It collects cost, production, inventory, and waste cost and performance for business decisions. It collects cost, production, inventory, and waste cost and performance data in the accounting system to plan, evaluate, and control.”

Environmental management accounting thus represents a combined approach which provides for the transition of data from financial accounting and cost accounting to increase material efficiency, reduce environmental impact and risk, and reduce costs of environmental protection.

Green or Environmental Accountants

 

Green accountants are held responsible to identify and track green costs often times working with site, research and development, and production managers when planning their budgets. In the past, such costs were buried in overhead preventing a clear picture of the cost savings and benefits to the product, process, system or facility responsible for the green initiatives.

Green accountants help management recognize that the tax benefits, rebates and lower costs of being environmentally friendly add up to a real bottom-line reward for doing the right thing.

“Public environmental, social and sustainability reporting is the main route through which corporate accountability and integrity can be demonstrated,” claims the London-based Association of Chartered Certified Accountants in its report, “Environmental, Social and Sustainability Reporting on the World Wide Web.”

Accounting Blues


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A tutorial on finding and editing transactions to correct errors made when using Peachtree accounting software. Helpful for students using Perdisco’s Peachtree accounting practice sets. For more tutorials, visit: perdisco.com/peachtree

Cash Accounting or Accrual Accounting

The tax authority require bookkeeping records to calculate the tax due. The choice for small business is basically cash accounting or accrual accounting each of which has advantages and disadvantages.

The date of the sales invoice and the date of purchase invoice are known as the tax point. The tax point does not determine the spread of that transaction over the tax period which can be different when accounts are prepared on an accruals basis as opposed to a cash basis.

For the purposes of cash accounting the effective inclusion of the transaction in the financial records is the date the cash or bank receipt or payment was made. The tax point date on the document is not the deciding factor to include the item in the accounts. The date the amount was paid out or received into cash funds or bank account is the date to be used fopr inclusion in the accounts.

There are disadvantages to maintaining accounts on a cash basis in that records must be kept of all payments received and paid out and those records supported by the actual primary accounting documents to which they relate. That entails matching the financial documents to the payments and receipts records, a feature many small businesses might find onerous as record keeping ios often regarded by samll business as an administrative burden.

Virtually all professional accountants adopt an accruals basis for clients accounting purposes as it is based upon recording all financial information whether relevant to the tax period or not and then adjusting the management accounting profit indicated to produce the net taxable profit or loss.

By operating an accruals basis all financial documents are recorded according to the tax point date. If every transaction was paid or received within the year then the cash accounting and accruals basis would produce the same tax accounts.

The main adjustment a small business or the accountant might make to accounts prepared on the accruals basis is to first prepare the set of accounts according to the tax point of the primary accounting records and then examine those transactions and adjust them according to their relevance to the financial period for which the accounts are being prepared.

A typical example of the difference would be the rent invoice for the business premises. Let us assume a quarterly rent invoice was received dated 1 December for the 3 months from December 1 to February 28 which was paid by the small business owner by cheque on December 31 and a year end date also of December 31

On a cash basis the rent would not technically be included in the accounts as it would be shown as a rent payment from the business bank account on January 2 or later if cashed by the recipient at a later date. Therefore that quarters rent would be included in the following year accounts not the current year as issuing a cheque is not a payment but actually a promise to pay.

Assuming the rent was paid in cash prior to the 31 December then the whole 3 months rent would be included in the current financial year. That treatment may have distorted the accounts as more or less than 12 months rent might have been included in the tax calculations.

On an accruals basis the rent invoice would have been entered in the accounting records with an effective date of December 1. The accountant or small business owner preparing the accounts would deduct 2 months from the qaurterly amount leaving one months rent in the current year accounts with the other 2 months being included the following year.

That is more accurate as the other side of the accounting would be for that same accountant or bookkeeper to further include the 2 months rent not already claimed to be included in the tax calculation for the next financial year. Mvoing the prepayment not specific to the accounting period is how business treats a prepayment under accrual accounting.

When operating cash accounting only transactions actually paid for or received are valid. On an accruals basis provisions can be made for costs incurred by the business whicvh have not yet been invoiced.

Cash accounting might appear easier but has the disadvantage of maintaining receipts and payments records in addition to the primary documents which should also be matched to the financial transactions to support the accounts.

Accrual accounting is based upon recording all financial transactions and then adjusting the end result to determine the most accurate net taxable profit. The accruals basis is favoured by accountants as it reaches an accurate tax liability as opposed to more or less tax being payable on the cash basis according to the credit control policies and practises of the business its suppliers and clients.

Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD) and Chairman Henry Waxman of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform question witness on the accounting arrangement that led to .8 billion in missing funds.
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Outsource Your Accounting

Owners/CEOs of mid size enterprises have two challenges:

(a) Facilitate growing their enterprises without compromising on the “nimble footedness” that got them to where they are and yet put in place processes that are absolutely necessary to enable to the business handle volumes far bigger than their current size; and

(b) Keep costs trimmed and aligned to business volumes

In other words, be capable of growing with processes that are necessary to scale up; and yet remain profitable without ballooning overheads.

Outsourcing your back office processes, especially accounting services, is a step in the right direction. Increasing pressure on profits is driving more and more midsize enterprises to look at outsourcing to cut costs and improve competitiveness in market place; something that Fortune 500 enterprises have been doing with success for the last ten years.

Can accounting be outsourced?

You would be surprised at how easy it is to outsource accounting.

o You keep your accounting system in your computers in your premises.

o You scan all incoming documents and store them as digital images.

o Your accountants, located outside your enterprise, access your computers in a safe/secure way, read the documents, process them according to your business rules and update your accounting records.

o When you enter your office, your inbox contains reports that you can print and read; checks you should print and sign; and queries that require resolution.

Just that simple!

Your first decision: What to outsource?

Your finance function comprises:

(a) CFO function focused on maximizing stockholder wealth by helping you make right decisions on pricing, resourcing, investment, funding and dividends; by ensuring your business generates the anticipated cash and this cash is deployed in the right direction

(b) Management accounting who help you plan the business; provide analytical support

(c) Treasury which manages the cash and

(d) Financial accounting which

a. maintains the books of accounts,

b. processes sales orders, sales invoices and receipts; monitors accounts receivable

c. processes supplier invoices and payments; monitors accounts payable

d. processes payroll, expense claims etc

e. prepares financial statements and other internal reports

Financial accounting (or any part of it) can easily be outsourced. This would step up service quality. A hare that runs for its life always runs faster than a lion running for its lunch; independent third parties would always be more focused on service (without losing emphasis on control) than in house accountants.

Your second decision: Who should do your work?

You should look for someone with experience in serving midmarket enterprises. TaurusQuest (www.taurusquest.com) have unique strengths here.

TaurusQuest have a track record in serving midsize enterprises in the United States; and have been ranked 4th worldwide in providing finance/accounting services to midsize enterprises by the Black Book of Outsourcing.

We understand small and mid market enterprises better:

CEOs of mid market enterprises are looking at outsourcing of back office processes as a strategy to remain competitive (against larger players and peers) and protect their margins.

If you are a mid market enterprise, you need to be twice careful in the choice of your vendor for outsourced services. The vendor should understand the need for the enterprise to be flexible and nimble footed in managing the processes and provide an entrepreneurial understanding of your opportunities.

We at TaurusQuest understand small and mid market enterprises better. We recognize that upfront investments need to be small; value realization should be reasonably quick; processes may not necessarily be structured and disciplined.

We have a track record of success in growing with our customers in this segment.

We have been placed fourth worldwide for customer satisfaction and operational excellence in our most important business: providing accounting services to mid market enterprises by a US based publisher of global league tables based on independently conducted customer surveys for 2007.

We were awarded this when we were at the finance/accounting services division of Quscient; now we are an independent corporate entity

We consider this a testimony to our credentials for “delighting” our customers.

Accounting services that can be outsourced:

A wide range of accounting services including:

· Maintenance of:

o books of accounts

o receivables and payables ledger

o cash/bank book

o inventory

· Processing of:

o sales invoices; monitoring collections

o supplier invoices; coordinating payments

o payroll

· Effective control/traction:

o prompt/accurate bank reconciliation

o cash flow forecasts

· Preparation of business intelligence reports

o financial statements

o analytical reports

· Decision Support in

o Pricing for new programs

o Resourcing (both assets and people)

TaurusQuest’s track record in accounting services:

TaurusQuest provides accounting services for more than 40 clients in United States. Some examples:

(a) Complete accounting services for an office space décor and furniture provider in New York

(b) Complete accounting services for a chemicals manufacturer in Chicago

(c) Complete accounting services for an architect practice in Atlanta.

(d) Complete accounting service for a chain of gas station franchises in Tucson

(e) Maintenance of General Ledger for a non government charity organization in Phoenix

(f) Sales invoicing and receivables monitoring for a properties and casualty insurance provider in New York

(g) Supplier invoices processing and payables for a manufacturer of industrial products in Chicago

(h) Branch accounting for a US software services business in Chicago

(i) Preparation of financial statements for professional clients of a CPA in Princeton.

TaurusQuest’s expertise:

TaurusQuest has expertise in:

(a) Aligning accounting systems to business requirements (right granular level of profit centers, cost centers for recording income/expense etc)

(b) Operating business controls (evolution of and compliance with business rules, authority; and validation of evidence)

(c) Accounting standards (we have expertise in US GAAP as well as IFRS)

(d) Operating a variety of accounting systems including Microsoft Great Plains, Quick books, SAP, Oracle Financials etc

Our senior employees have post graduate professional qualifications in finance/accounting. Our frontline service providers have at least an undergraduate degree in finance/accounting.

How does outsourcing work?

An accounting system is eventually about various business documents being inventoried, processed to certain business rules and updated into books of accounts. Outsourced provision of accounting services works as below:

(a) You get a high speed scanner and get all business documents (purchase orders, supplier invoices, goods arrival reports, sales orders, delivery reports, sales invoices, collections, payments, expense reports, payroll inputs) scanned and stored into a computer in your premises (preferably in an off-the-shelf inexpensive document management system)

(b) Your accounting system is stored in a computer (oftentimes the same computer) in your premises

(c) You get the computers connected to internet by using your local ISP (of course you get a firewall to protect your system; we can help you with the technology bit)

(d) We access your computer remotely from our service delivery center, read the scanned images, process/archive the document images, and update the accounting systems.

(e) Your accounting system is ready to provide the information you need. The reports you need are prepared and kept in a safe area for you in the computer.

(f) Depending on the level of sophistication you need, you could get the payments effected online by confirming the checks we have created online for you or print the checks physically, sign and disburse.

(g) You get to use the same accounting system and same processes you follow now. Your data and your documents stay all the time within your premises. We do not house your accounting system or data in our premises.

(h) Our accountants work during your night time; but you get to have at least 2 hours of interface with them each day (oftentimes from 9 am to 11 am your time).

(i) Our accountants work on a “dedicated” basis. You get to work with the same person all the time. We are different in this respect. We believe this increases the bonding between the accountant and the user group.

(j) Our accountants are reachable by closed loop VOIP phones by dialing a US number from your premises. All our senior executives carry blackberry devices; emails are promptly responded.

How much would it cost?

Upfront investment is restricted to: (a) A high speed scanner (b) An off-the-shelf document management system (c) A firewall software (d) A connection to your local ISP

You don’t pay for anything else (including the telecommunication bandwidth to our delivery center).

Recurring costs are confined to our invoices for services. These can be in any format: (a) % of your revenue (b) $ per sales/supplier invoice (c) $/hour of accountant’s time (d) $/month per accountant deployed

According to an analyst, “customers tend to save at least 50% of the total cost (salaries, benefits, facility costs etc) on outsourcing accounting services” from Day One.

Benefits from outsourcing:

· From Day 1 your costs come down by 50%. No big upfront investment.

· Your processes get streamlined. The quality of business processes go up. You become an efficient enterprise.

· Your customers and vendors are delighted because invoices are prompt; statements are prompt; payments are prompt.

· Your management is delighted because analytical reports are prompt.

· You get the benefit of best of breed practice from experts.

Why TaurusQuest?

TaurusQuest is a customer centric organization.

TaurusQuest has been acknowledged as within the top four positions in the world in providing accounting services in terms of customer satisfaction and operational excellence.

We focus on your enterprise value; your competitive advantage; your revenue growth; apart from high quality processes and cost advantages.

Visit BusinessEnglishPod.com to view and download more videos on Business English vocabulary for ESL. This Business English video ESL lesson introduces English vocabulary related to finance, accounting and accountants.
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